Anemia – What You Need to Know

What is Anemia?

Anemia is a condition where your body doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin to carry oxygen to your tissues. This can make you feel tired, weak, and short of breath.

Causes of Anemia

There are many types and causes of anemia. The most common include:

1. Iron Deficiency: Due to poor diet, blood loss (like heavy periods), or poor iron absorption.

2. Vitamin Deficiency: Low levels of vitamin B12 or folic acid.

3. Chronic Diseases: Conditions like kidney disease, cancer, or rheumatoid arthritis.

4. Blood Loss: From injuries, surgeries, ulcers, or internal bleeding.

5. Bone Marrow Problems: Such as aplastic anemia or leukemia.

6. Inherited Disorders: Like thalassemia or sickle cell anemia.

Common Symptoms of Anemia

• Fatigue or weakness

• Pale or yellowish skin

• Shortness of breath

• Dizziness or lightheadedness

• Fast or irregular heartbeat

• Cold hands and feet

• Headaches

• Chest pain (in severe cases)

How is Anemia Diagnosed?

Doctors may perform the following tests:

• Complete Blood Count (CBC): Measures levels of hemoglobin and red blood cells.

• Peripheral Blood Smear: Checks the shape and size of blood cells.

• Iron Studies: Ferritin, serum iron, and total iron-binding capacity.

• Vitamin B12 and Folate Levels

• Additional Tests: Depending on cause (e.g., stool test for bleeding, kidney function tests)

Medical Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the cause:

• Iron Supplements: For iron deficiency anemia.

• Vitamin B12 or Folic Acid: For deficiencies.

• Dietary Changes: Iron-rich foods and nutrient-dense meals.

• Blood Transfusion: In severe anemia.

• Treating Underlying Diseases: Like kidney or autoimmune disorders.

• Medications: Erythropoietin or other drugs to stimulate red blood cell production.

Natural Remedies & Lifestyle Tips

While natural remedies cannot replace medical treatment, they can support recovery:

1. Iron-Rich Foods

• Green leafy vegetables (spinach, moringa)

• Legumes (lentils, chickpeas)

• Nuts and seeds (pumpkin seeds, sesame)

• Red meat, chicken, liver

• Iron-fortified cereals

2. Enhance Iron Absorption

• Take vitamin C-rich foods (like lemon, oranges, amla) with iron-rich meals

• Avoid tea or coffee immediately after meals as they reduce iron absorption

3. B12 and Folate Foods

• Eggs, dairy, fish, and fortified foods (for B12)

• Green vegetables, citrus fruits, beans (for folate)

4. Stay Hydrated and Active

• Mild exercise can help improve circulation and energy

• Keep well-hydrated to support blood volume

When to See a Doctor

If you experience unexplained tiredness, pale skin, or breathlessness, consult a healthcare provider. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications.

Summary

Anemia is common and treatable. A balanced diet, regular check-ups, and timely medical care can help you overcome anemia and feel energetic again.

Dr. Karuturi Subrahmanyam, MD, FRCP (London), FACP (USA)

Internal Medicine Specialist

Kify Hospital

Danavaipeta

Rajahmundry

Phone : 85000 23456

www.KifyHospital.com