Fatty Liver

Introduction

Fatty liver (medically known as hepatic steatosis) is a condition where excess fat builds up in the liver. While a small amount of fat is normal, too much can lead to liver inflammation and damage. If left untreated, it may progress to serious liver diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, or even liver cancer.

Types of Fatty Liver

1. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) – Occurs in people who drink little or no alcohol.

2. Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD) – Caused by heavy alcohol consumption.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Obesity

• Diabetes (Type 2)

• High cholesterol and triglycerides

• Sedentary lifestyle

• Unhealthy diet (high in sugars, fats, processed foods)

• Excess alcohol intake

• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

• Metabolic Syndrome

• Certain medications (e.g., steroids, tamoxifen)

Symptoms

Fatty liver is often silent in early stages. However, some people may experience:

• Fatigue

• Mild pain or discomfort in the upper right abdomen

• Unexplained weight loss

• Weakness

• Enlarged liver (noticed during check-up)

In advanced stages (like NASH or cirrhosis):

• Yellowing of skin and eyes (jaundice)

• Swelling in legs and abdomen

• Confusion or memory loss

• Easy bruising or bleeding

Diagnosis

Fatty liver is usually found during routine health checkups or tests for other conditions.

Tests may include:

1. Blood Tests

   
   

   • Liver function tests (LFTs)

   • Lipid profile

   • Fasting blood sugar and HbA1c

   
   

2. Imaging Tests

   
   

   • Ultrasound (most common)

   • CT or MRI scan

   • FibroScan (special ultrasound for liver stiffness)

   
   

3. Liver Biopsy (in select cases)

   
   

   • To confirm the stage of liver damage or fibrosis

   
   
   
   

Medical Treatment

There is no specific medication approved for fatty liver yet, but management focuses on treating the underlying causes:

• Weight loss (5–10% body weight reduction can significantly improve liver health)

• Blood sugar control (if diabetic)

• Cholesterol-lowering medications (statins, if needed)

• Vitamin E or pioglitazone may be used in selected non-diabetic patients under doctor guidance

• Avoid alcohol completely

Natural Home Remedies and Lifestyle Tips

1. Exercise regularly

   
   

   • At least 30 minutes/day, 5 days a week – brisk walking, cycling, or yoga.

   
   

2. Eat a liver-friendly diet

   
   

   • Focus on:

     
     

     • Whole grains, fruits, vegetables

     • Lean proteins (fish, legumes)

     • Healthy fats (nuts, olive oil)

     
     
   
   

3. Avoid:

   
   

   • Sugary drinks (colas, juices)

   • Fried and processed foods

   • Red meat and refined carbs

   
   

4. Drink green tea

   
   

   • May help reduce liver fat and inflammation.

   
   

5. Coffee (without sugar or cream)

   
   

   • Studies suggest it may protect the liver.

   
   

6. Turmeric (Curcumin)

   
   

   • Has anti-inflammatory properties; consult your doctor before use.

   
   

7. Apple cider vinegar (in moderation)

   
   

   • May help in weight management and insulin sensitivity.

   
   

8. Stay hydrated

   
   

   • 8–10 glasses of water per day supports liver detox.

   
   

When to See a Doctor

• If you have any risk factors (obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol)

• If liver enzymes are elevated in blood tests

• If you experience persistent fatigue or abdominal discomfort

Summary

Fatty liver is common and often reversible with lifestyle changes. Early diagnosis and proper management can prevent long-term liver damage. A healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding alcohol are key to healing your liver and protecting it for life.

Dr. Karuturi Subrahmanyam, MD, FRCP (London), FACP (USA)

Internal Medicine Specialist

Kify Hospital

Danavaipeta

Rajahmundry

Phone : 85000 23456

www.KifyHospital.com