Mouth Ulcers

Introduction

Mouth ulcers, also called canker sores, are small, painful sores that form inside the mouth — on the cheeks, lips, tongue, or gums. They are common and usually harmless, but they can cause discomfort while eating, drinking, or talking.

Causes of Mouth Ulcers

• Minor injuries from accidental biting, sharp teeth, or dental work

• Stress and lack of sleep

• Vitamin deficiencies, especially B12, iron, and folic acid

• Hormonal changes (e.g., during menstruation)

• Food sensitivities (like spicy, acidic, or citrus foods)

• Underlying medical conditions like celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or autoimmune disorders

• Certain medications (e.g., painkillers, beta-blockers, or chemotherapy drugs)

Symptoms of Mouth Ulcers

• Small, round or oval sores inside the mouth

• White, yellow, or gray center with a red border

• Pain or burning sensation, especially when eating spicy or acidic foods

• Swelling or tenderness around the sore

• In severe cases, fever and swollen lymph nodes

Diagnosis

• Physical examination:

  
  

  Doctors usually diagnose mouth ulcers by looking at the appearance of the sores.

• Medical history:

  
  

  If ulcers are severe, recurrent, or long-lasting, doctors may ask about other symptoms and conditions.

• Blood tests:

  
  

  In rare cases, tests are done to check for vitamin deficiencies or underlying diseases.

Treatment

Most mouth ulcers heal on their own within 1–2 weeks. However, treatments can help relieve pain and speed up healing:

• Topical gels or ointments:

  
  

  • Over-the-counter products like benzocaine, choline salicylate, or corticosteroid pastes.

  
  

• Mouth rinses:

  
  

  • Antiseptic or anti-inflammatory mouthwashes to prevent infection and reduce pain.

  
  

• Pain relief:

  
  

  • Mild painkillers if needed.

  
  

• Avoiding triggers:

  
  

  • Stay away from spicy, salty, or acidic foods until healing.

  
  

• Treating underlying causes:

  
  

  • If ulcers are linked to vitamin deficiencies or medical conditions, specific treatments may be needed.

  
  

Natural Home Remedies

• Saltwater rinse:

  
  

  • Gargle with warm salt water to reduce bacteria and aid healing.

• l

• Honey application:

  
  

  • Honey has natural antibacterial properties; applying it to the ulcer may speed up healing.

  
  

• Coconut oil:

  
  

  • Acts as a natural moisturizer and mild antiseptic.

  
  

• Aloe vera gel:

  
  

  • Soothes the sore and promotes healing.

  
  

• Baking soda paste:

  
  

  • Applying a small amount can neutralize acids and reduce irritation.

  
  

• Ice cubes:

  
  

  • Sucking on ice chips may numb the pain and reduce swelling.

  
  

When to See a Doctor

• Ulcers that last longer than 2 weeks

• Very large or unusually painful ulcers

• Frequent recurrences

• Difficulty eating or drinking

• Signs of infection like high fever, pus, or spreading redness

Summary

Mouth ulcers are usually a minor problem but can cause significant discomfort. With simple care, they often heal quickly. Maintaining good oral hygiene, avoiding irritating foods, managing stress, and seeking treatment when needed can help keep your mouth healthy and pain-free.

Dr. Karuturi Subrahmanyam, MD, FRCP (London), FACP (USA)

Internal Medicine Specialist

Kify Hospital

Danavaipeta

Rajahmundry

Phone : 85000 23456

www.KifyHospital.com