Mouth Ulcers

Mouth ulcers, also known as canker sores, are small, painful sores that develop inside the mouth. They can make eating, drinking, and even talking uncomfortable. Though generally harmless, frequent or persistent mouth ulcers may indicate an underlying health condition. This article explores the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and natural remedies for mouth ulcers.

Causes of Mouth Ulcers

Mouth ulcers can occur due to various reasons, including:

1. Minor Injuries – Biting the inside of the cheek, dental procedures, or using a hard toothbrush.

2. Nutritional Deficiencies – Lack of vitamin B12, iron, folic acid, or zinc.

3. Stress and Hormonal Changes – Emotional stress or hormonal fluctuations can trigger ulcers.

4. Food Sensitivities – Spicy, acidic, or salty foods may irritate the mouth lining.

5. Allergic Reactions – Certain toothpaste, mouthwashes, or dental materials may cause irritation.

6. Infections – Viral infections like herpes simplex can lead to ulcers.

7. Underlying Medical Conditions – Conditions like celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, and immune system disorders may contribute.

8. Certain Medications – Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and beta-blockers may cause ulcers as a side effect.

Symptoms of Mouth Ulcers

Mouth ulcers usually appear as:

• Round or oval sores with a white, yellow, or gray center and a red border.

• Pain and discomfort, especially while eating, drinking, or speaking.

• Swelling or tenderness around the ulcer.

• Multiple ulcers in severe cases.

If an ulcer persists for more than two weeks, becomes unusually large, or is accompanied by fever or swollen lymph nodes, consult a doctor.

Diagnosis of Mouth Ulcers

Doctors typically diagnose mouth ulcers through a physical examination of the affected area. In cases of persistent or recurrent ulcers, additional tests may be required:

• Blood tests to check for vitamin deficiencies or infections.

• Biopsy if an ulcer appears abnormal, to rule out serious conditions.

• Allergy tests if food or medication allergies are suspected.

Treatment for Mouth Ulcers

Most mouth ulcers heal on their own within 7 to 14 days, but treatment can help relieve pain and speed up healing.

1. Medications

• Topical Gels and Ointments – Antiseptic or corticosteroid gels like benzocaine or triamcinolone reduce pain and inflammation.

• Mouthwashes – Antimicrobial mouth rinses help prevent infection and promote healing.

• Pain Relievers – Over-the-counter painkillers like ibuprofen or paracetamol may be used for severe discomfort.

• Vitamin Supplements – If ulcers are caused by nutrient deficiencies, supplements of vitamin B12, iron, or folic acid may be prescribed.

2. Lifestyle and Dietary Changes

• Avoid spicy, acidic, or hard foods that irritate the ulcer.

• Maintain good oral hygiene by using a soft-bristled toothbrush.

• Stay hydrated and reduce stress through relaxation techniques.

Natural Remedies for Mouth Ulcers

Several home remedies can help soothe mouth ulcers and promote healing:

1. Honey – Applying honey to the ulcer reduces inflammation and speeds up healing due to its antibacterial properties.

2. Salt Water Rinse – Gargling with warm salt water helps disinfect the mouth and reduce pain.

3. Coconut Oil – Its antimicrobial properties can help heal ulcers and reduce discomfort.

4. Aloe Vera Gel – Applying fresh aloe vera gel provides a cooling effect and promotes healing.

5. Turmeric Paste – Mixing turmeric with water or honey and applying it to the ulcer can reduce pain and swelling.

6. Baking Soda Paste – A paste made of baking soda and water neutralizes acids and promotes healing.

7. Clove Oil – Applying clove oil to the affected area helps numb the pain and fight infection.

When to See a Doctor?

Seek medical attention if:

• An ulcer lasts longer than two weeks.

• It is large, painful, or recurring frequently.

• You have difficulty eating, drinking, or speaking.

• There are additional symptoms like fever, swollen glands, or unexplained weight loss.

Summary

Mouth ulcers are common and usually harmless, but they can be painful and bothersome. Identifying the cause and following appropriate treatment, including home remedies, can help speed up recovery. If ulcers persist or occur frequently, consult a doctor to rule out underlying health conditions. Maintaining good oral hygiene and a healthy diet can also help prevent future occurrences.

If you have persistent or severe mouth ulcers, don’t ignore them—consult a doctor for proper care!

Dr. Karuturi Subrahmanyam, MD, FRCP (London), FACP (USA)

Internal Medicine Specialist

Kify Hospital

Danavaipeta

Rajahmundry

Phone : 85000 23456

www.KifyHospital.com