Sore Throat

A sore throat is one of the most common health complaints and can affect anyone at any age. It can be painful, irritating, and sometimes a sign of something more serious. Here’s what you need to know.

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What Is a Sore Throat?

A sore throat refers to pain, scratchiness, or irritation in the throat, often worse when swallowing. It is usually caused by infections or environmental factors like dry air.

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Common Causes

1. Viral Infections

• Common cold

• Flu (Influenza)

• COVID-19

• Mononucleosis

2. Bacterial Infections

• Streptococcus pyogenes (strep throat)

• Tonsillitis

3. Allergies

• Pollen, dust, or pet dander can cause postnasal drip that irritates the throat.

4. Dry Air

• Especially common in winter when indoor heating is used.

5. Irritants

• Smoke, pollution, strong odors

6. Overuse of Voice

• Shouting or talking loudly for long periods

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Symptoms

• Pain or scratchy feeling in the throat

• Difficulty or pain when swallowing

• Hoarseness or loss of voice

• Swollen glands in the neck

• Red or swollen tonsils (sometimes with white patches)

• Fever (common with infections)

• Cough, sneezing, or runny nose (with viral infections)

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When to See a Doctor

You should seek medical attention if:

• Sore throat lasts more than a week

• You have a high fever

• Difficulty breathing or swallowing

• Swelling in the neck or face

• Rash or joint pain

• Blood in saliva or phlegm

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Diagnosis

A doctor may:

• Ask about symptoms and perform a physical exam

• Look at your throat and feel your neck

• Perform a rapid strep test or throat culture if bacterial infection is suspected

• Suggest blood tests if another illness is suspected (e.g., mono)

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Treatment

1. For Viral Infections (most common):

• No antibiotics needed

• Rest, fluids, and symptom relief

2. For Bacterial Infections (like strep throat):

• Antibiotics prescribed by a doctor

• It’s important to complete the full course

3. General Relief:

• Pain relievers (paracetamol or ibuprofen)

• Throat lozenges or sprays

• Drinking warm fluids

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Natural Home Remedies

1. Salt Water Gargle

• Mix ½ teaspoon salt in warm water

• Gargle several times a day to reduce swelling

2. Warm Honey Tea

• Honey soothes the throat and has antimicrobial properties

• Avoid honey in children under 1 year

3. Steam Inhalation

• Breathe in steam from a hot shower or bowl of hot water

4. Hydration

• Drink plenty of water to keep the throat moist

5. Rest Your Voice

• Avoid talking too much or shouting

6. Humidifier Use

• Adds moisture to dry air to soothe the throat

7. Herbal Remedies

• Ginger tea, chamomile tea, or licorice root (check with your doctor if you’re on medications)

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Prevention Tips

• Wash hands frequently

• Avoid close contact with sick individuals

• Use a humidifier in dry environments

• Avoid smoking and exposure to pollutants

• Stay hydrated

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Summary

Most sore throats are mild and go away on their own, but it’s important to recognize when medical care is needed. With rest, fluids, and home remedies, you can often find quick relief.

Dr. Karuturi Subrahmanyam, MD, FRCP (London), FACP (USA)

Internal Medicine Specialist

Kify Hospital

Danavaipeta

Rajahmundry

Phone : 85000 23456